Inganda z’amashanyarazi za EEC zakoze ku muvuduko mwinshi.Imodoka zirenga miliyoni 1.7 zavuye ku murongo w’iteraniro umwaka ushize, urwego rwo hejuru kuva mu 1999. Niba rukomeje kwiyongera ku kigero giheruka, amateka y’amamodoka miliyoni 1.9 y’amashanyarazi yashyizweho mu 1972 azacika mu myaka mike.Ku ya 25 Nyakanga, Yunlong ufite ikirango cya Mini, yatangaje ko izakora imashini y’amashanyarazi yose y’iyi modoka yoroheje i Oxford guhera mu 2019, aho gukangisha kuzayikorera mu Buholandi nyuma ya referendum ya Brexit.
Nyamara, imyifatire yabatwara ibinyabiziga irahangayitse kandi ni melancholike.N'ubwo Yunlong yabitangaje, abantu bake ni bo borohewe n'ejo hazaza h'inganda.Mubyukuri, abantu bamwe bahangayikishijwe nuko umwaka ushize wa referendum ya Brexit ishobora kubaca intege.
Ababikora bamenye ko kwinjira mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bizafasha kuzigama inganda z’Abongereza.Guhuza ibirango bitandukanye byimodoka munsi yu Bwongereza Leyland byari impanuka.Amarushanwa yarahagaritswe, ishoramari rirahagarara, n’umubano w’umurimo wifashe nabi, ku buryo abayobozi bayobye muri ayo mahugurwa bagombaga kwirinda misile.Mu 1979 ni bwo abakora amamodoka y'Abayapani bayobowe na Honda bashakaga ibirindiro byoherezwa mu Burayi, maze umusaruro utangira kugabanuka.Ubwongereza bwinjiye mu cyahoze cyitwa Umuryango w’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi mu 1973, bituma ayo masosiyete yinjira ku isoko rinini.Amategeko agenga umurimo mu Bwongereza n'ubuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi yiyongereye ku bujurire.
Ikintu giteye impungenge nuko Brexit izatuma ibigo byamahanga byongera gutekereza.Itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara na Toyota, Nissan, Honda hamwe n’abandi bakora amamodoka ni uko bazategereza ibizava mu mishyikirano izabera i Buruseli mu mwaka utaha.Abacuruzi bavuga ko kuva yatakaza ubwiganze bwe mu matora yo muri Kamena, Theresa May yiteguye cyane kubatega amatwi.Inama y'Abaminisitiri isa nkaho yarangije kubona ko hazakenerwa igihe cy’inzibacyuho nyuma y’uko Ubwongereza buvuye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi muri Werurwe 2019. Ariko iki gihugu kiracyerekeza kuri “Brexit ikomeye” kandi kiva ku isoko rimwe ry’Uburayi.Guhungabana kwa guverinoma ntoya ya Madamu May birashobora gutuma bidashoboka kumvikana na gato.
Kutamenya neza byateje igihombo.Mu gice cya mbere cy'umwaka wa 2017, ishoramari mu gukora amamodoka ryaragabanutse kugera kuri miliyoni 322 z'amapound (miliyoni 406 z'amadolari y'Abanyamerika), ugereranije na miliyari 1.7 z'amapound mu 2016 na miliyari 2.5 z'amapound muri 2015. Umusaruro wagabanutse.Umuyobozi umwe yizera ko, nk'uko Madamu Mei yabivuze, amahirwe yo kubona isoko ryihariye ry’imodoka ni “zeru”.Mike Hawes wo muri SMMT, urwego rw’inganda, yavuze ko n’ubwo amasezerano yagerwaho, byanze bikunze bizaba bibi kuruta uko ibintu bimeze ubu.
Mu bihe bibi cyane, niba nta masezerano y’ubucuruzi yumvikanyweho, amategeko y’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi azerekana amahoro 10% ku binyabiziga hamwe na 4.5% ku bice.Ibi birashobora guteza ibyago: ugereranije, 60% by'ibice by'imodoka ikorerwa mu Bwongereza bitumizwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi;mugihe cyo gukora imodoka, ibice bimwe bizagenda bisubira inyuma hagati y'Ubwongereza n'Uburayi inshuro nyinshi.
Bwana Hawes yavuze ko bizagora abakora imodoka ku isoko rusange gutsinda amahoro.Inyungu mu Burayi ugereranije 5-10%.Ishoramari rinini ryatumye inganda nyinshi mu Bwongereza zikora neza, ku buryo nta mwanya muto wo kugabanya ibiciro.Icyizere kimwe nuko ibigo byiteguye guhitamo ko Brexit izatesha agaciro burundu pound kugirango yishyure ibiciro;kuva referendum, pound yagabanutseho 15% ugereranije na euro.
Ariko, ibiciro ntibishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye.Itangizwa rya gasutamo rizabangamira urujya n'uruza rw'ibice binyuze mu muyoboro w'icyongereza, bityo bikabangamira igenamigambi ry'uruganda.Ibarura rito rya wafer rirashobora kugabanya ibiciro.Ibice byinshi byabaruwe bikubiyemo igice cyumunsi cyumusaruro, kubwibyo guhanura ni ngombwa.Igice cyo kugeza ku ruganda rwa Nissan Sunderland giteganijwe kurangira mu minota 15.Kwemerera kugenzura gasutamo bisobanura kubungabunga ibarura rinini ku giciro cyo hejuru.
Nubwo izo mbogamizi, abandi bakora amamodoka bazakurikira BMW bagashora mubwongereza?Kuva referendum, BMW ntabwo ariyo sosiyete yonyine itangaza imishinga mishya.Mu Kwakira, Nissan yavuze ko izakora ibisekuruza bizaza Qashqai na X-Trail SUV muri Sunderland.Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, Toyota yavuze ko izashora miliyoni 240 z'amapound yo kubaka uruganda mu karere rwagati.Brexiteers yavuze ibi nkibimenyetso byerekana ko inganda zizahungabana uko byagenda kose.
Ibyo ni ibyiringiro.Impamvu imwe yishoramari riheruka nigihe kirekire cyinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga: bishobora gufata imyaka itanu uhereye igihe hatangijwe icyitegererezo gishya kugeza ku musaruro, bityo icyemezo gifatwa hakiri kare.Nissan yari yateguye gushora imari muri Sunderland mugihe runaka.Ubundi buryo kuri BMW mubuholandi bivuze gukoresha uruganda rukora amasezerano aho gukoresha uruganda rwa BMW-guhitamo ibyago kubintu byingenzi.
Niba uruganda rumaze gukora ubu bwoko bwimodoka, birumvikana gukora verisiyo nshya yuburyo bugezweho (nka Mini Mini).Mugihe wubaka moderi nshya kuva hasi, abakora ibinyabiziga barashobora kureba mumahanga.Ibi bimaze kugaragara muri gahunda ya BMW.Nubwo Minis izateranira muri Oxford, bateri na moteri zirimo tekinoroji nshya yubuhanga izatezwa imbere mubudage.
Ikindi kintu cyatangajwe nyuma y’amatora ya referendumu ni guverinoma ishishikajwe cyane.Nissan na Toyota bahawe "garanti" zidasobanutse na minisitiri ko amasezerano yabo atazabemerera kwishyura mu mufuka nyuma ya Brexit.Guverinoma yanze gutangaza ibikubiye mu masezerano.Ntakibazo icyo aricyo cyose, ntibishoboka ko hazabaho amafaranga ahagije kubashoramari bose, inganda zose, cyangwa igihe kitazwi.
Inganda zimwe na zimwe zihura n’akaga gakomeye.Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, Itsinda ry’Abafaransa PSA ryabonye Opel, ikora Vauxhall mu Bwongereza, ishobora kuba inkuru mbi ku bakozi ba Vauxhall.PSA izashaka kugabanya ibiciro kugirango yemeze kugura, kandi inganda ebyiri za Vauxhall zishobora kuba kurutonde.
Abakora amamodoka bose ntibazasohoka.Nkuko umuyobozi wa Aston Martin, Andy Palmer yabigaragaje, imodoka zihenze za siporo zihenze ntabwo zikwiriye abantu bumva ibiciro.Ni nako bigenda kuri Rolls-Royce munsi ya BMW, Bentley na McLaren munsi ya Volkswagen.Jaguar Land Rover, uruganda rukora imodoka nini mu Bwongereza, rwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga 20% gusa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.Isoko ryimbere mu gihugu nini bihagije kugirango ibungabunge umusaruro waho.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Nick Oliver wo mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya kaminuza ya Edinburgh yavuze ko amahoro menshi ashobora gutuma “abimukira batinda, badahwema.”Ndetse kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika ibikorwa byabo bizababaza guhangana.Mugihe imiyoboro yo gutanga ibicuruzwa murugo hamwe nizindi nganda zigabanuka, abakora ibinyabiziga bizabagora cyane kubona ibice.Hatariho ishoramari ryinshi mu ikoranabuhanga rishya nk'amashanyarazi no gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga, inganda ziteranya abongereza zizashingira cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.Impanuka y'imodoka yabaye mu kanya nk'ako guhumbya.Brexit irashobora kugira ingaruka mbi zingaruka-buhoro.
Iyi ngingo yagaragaye mu gice cy’Ubwongereza cyacapishijwe munsi y’umutwe “Kwihuta Mini, Ibibazo Bikuru”
Kuva yatangazwa muri Nzeri 1843, yitabiriye “amarushanwa akaze hagati y’ubwenge bugenda butera imbere n’ubujiji busuzuguritse, buteye ubwoba butubuza gutera imbere.”
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-23-2021